中 東 消 息 KIME Newsletter |
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중동경제연구소 Korea Institute of the Mideast Economies |
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몽골중동학회, MAMES International Conference
몽골중동학회 회장 남작(S. Nyamzagd) 박사의 배려는 극진했다. 1990년대말 한국중동학회 국제세미나에서 한 번 만난 적이 있는 남작교수는 그 동안 몽고 중동학을 위해 많은 노력을 기울였고, 그 결과가 오늘의 국제세미나에 이르게 한 것 같다. 더 더욱 심교수와는 오랜 연분으로 많은 정보를 주고받으며 몽고의 중동학을 정립시켜 가고 있는 것 같았다. 짧은 기간이었지만 도착하자마자 자연사 박물관을 관람하였고, 세미나 후에도 전통 민속공연을 보았고, 가까운 거리의 몽고의 과거와 현재 모습도 볼 수 있었다. 아주 짧은 기간이었지만 몽고를 이해하는데 커다란 도움이 됐다. 특히 중동학 관련 교수들과의 잦은 접촉 기회를 만들어 줌으로써 몽고에서의 중동학 연구를 이해하는데 커다란 도움이 됐다. 내가 가졌던 의문에 해답이 차츰 내게로 다가오는 느낌을 받았다. 몽고인들은 역시 강인한 기질과 남을 이해하겠다는 넓은 도량을 가진 민족임에는 틀림이 없었다. 더 더욱 그들의 전통적인 문화를 존중하고 그것을 세계에 알리려는 노력은 나의 눈시울을 적셨다. 민속공연 도중 우리에게 잘 알려진 '선구자'와 '아리랑'이 정확한 한국어 발음으로 우리를 맞이할 땐 더 더욱 그러했다. 몽고인들의 한국어 실력은 대단하였다. 최근 한국 붐 열풍을 타고 한국 진출을 위해 많은 대학생들이 한국어를 배운다고 하는데 그 실력은 가히 놀라울 정도였다. 그 덕분에 나는 해외에서 최초로 한국어로 원고를 발표하는 영광을 몽고에서 갖게 되었다. 내 통역을 맡아준 Ulziikhisig의 덕분에 내 논문은 더욱 빛이 난 것 같다. 그리고 입국시 공항에서부터 출국때까지 우리 곁에서 유창한 한국어로 안내해준 Battsetseg의 친절은 평생 잊지 못할 것 같다. 세미나 전 과정의 실무를 맡아 분주히 우리를 보좌해준 Munkhnasan 교수의 노력과 Otgonsuren 박사의 도움은 결코 잊을 수 없다. 그밖에도 이름을 다 열거할 수 없을 정도로 많은 Gerelkhuu 사장님을 비롯한 MAMES 회원들에게 뜨거운 감사의 마음을 전하고 싶다. 남작 교수의 헌신적인 노력에 다시 한번 뜨거운 박수를 보내며, 몽골중동학회의 앞날에 많은 발전이 있기를 마음속으로 기원한다.
International Conference of Middle East Studies Associations 2003. 09. 18 - 09. 21 Ulaanbaatar Mongolia Program 2003. 09. 18 Thursday 15: 00 Visit, Adminstartion of Ulaanbaatar City 16: 00 City Tour, Gandan Monastery, National History Museum, Zaisan mountain 19: 00 Welcome Dinner, Puma Imperial Hotel Hosted by President of MAMES, Prof. S.Nyamzagd Ph.D
2003. 09. 19 Friday Conference Institute of Commerce and Business, No. 205 09: 30 - 09: 50 Registration 09: 50 - 10: 20 Opening Ceremony, S. Nyamzagd, President MAMES and Shim Ui Sup, KAMES 10: 20 - 10: 50 "State Policy of Studying an Training in Abroad, Research Possibility of Exchange Students in Middle East" P. Lkhagvasuren/ Director of State Foundation of Training 10: 50 - 11: 00 Coffee Break 11: 00 - 11: 30 "Iraqi War and orean Action", Shim Ui Sup Ph.D 11: 30 - 12: 00 "Sustainable Development of Livestock in Mongolia", A. Bakei Ph.D./University of Agriculture 12: 00 - 13: 30 Lunch, Institute of Commerce and Business 13: 00 - 14: 00 "The Medieval Trade between China and the Middle East", Hong Seong Min Ph. D./President, Research Institute of the East-West Economy & Society 14: 00 -14: 30 " Relations Ussies between Mongolia and Middle East Countries", J. Oktyabri Ph. D./Head of Department, Institute of Commerce and Business 14: 30 - 14: 45 Coffee Break 14: 45 - 15: 15 Presentation /6/ 14: 15 - 16: 00 Concluding Discussion
2003. 09. 20 Saturday 11: 30 Visit to "Makh Market" Company 13: 00 Lunch, Hosted by Member of MAMES, D. Gerelkhuu 19: 00 "Tumen Ekh" National Folk Music Ensemble
2003. 09. 21 Sunday 18: 30 Dinner, Hosted by President of MAMES, Prof. S. Nyamzagd Ph.D
2003. 09. 22 Monday 10: -- Depature
The Medieval Trade between China and the Middle East Seong Min Hong, President of KIME This part excerpts from the paper that I read it in the title of The Medieval Trade between China and the Middle East at International Conference of Middle East Studies Associations, Ulaanbaatar Mongolia on September 19, 2003. The Muslim merchants who had been succeed the Caravan's brisk trading traditions in Samarqand area from the early times of Sui(隨)-T'ang era engaged in trading with Northern-Hunting people. For Mongol people did not understand even the primitive economic structure, Muslim merchants who engaged in trading with them at the early times exerted a vicious influence upon the economic field, especially financial field in absolute. Because Muslim merchants organized Caravans on a large scale and participated, by comings and goings, in inner Royal Family of the Empire, it has a highly potentiality that they could show remarkable ability in the financial field. But Muslim's activities went on 'collecting taxes for the government'(撲買) as well as their activities as a usurer were worthy of close attention in China. Heidaslue(黑 史略), the Chinese history book mentioned Mongolian economic condition and Muslims usury in detail. Accordingly many of Muslims could become rich by collecting taxes for the government, by engaging themselves in usury and by operating the capitals of Mongol princes, availing themselves of the ignorance and inexperience of ruling Mongols in these sectors. From the mid-13th century, the privileged merchants of Islamic adherence came to be organized themselves and were called 'Ortaq Merchants'. Ortaq(O-t'o, 斡脫) is a kind of Muslim merchant's association which established by the special permit of feudal lord and managing his capital. In this way Muslim merchants had been accumulated their wealth in China, thus, the tyranny of usury was very serious. Their polygamy custom also was concerted with Chinese polygamy custom and the number of Muslim increased greatly. Du Halde expressed this fact as following; "In ancient times, by only intermarriage, but later, by money, namely buying children(買子)". At last offices were established to deal with the merchant's problem in the government. Creation of offices did not necessarily bring about the curtailment of the unrestrained exercise of their powers. That merchant continued to exploit the population in tax collecting, usury, commerce, overseas trade etc. They were granted the privilege of being exempted from corvee work and entitled to use the postal facilities with the sanction of the hiring princes or government. These activities were further supported by those Islamic high governmental officials such as Abdour-Rahman, Mahmud Yelvadje, Ahmed, Taola Shah etc.. Besides such economic activities, Muslims in China played a great role in introducing highly developed technology in artisanship, cannon casting, architecture, astrology and medicine. In Yuan period, Muslim spread over the entire China. By dint of the generous and indifferent attitudes of the ruling Mongols towards all kinds of religions, Islam encountered no hindrance in advocating their faith. In Yuan times, however, primary means of expanding the faith was not through preaching or missionary activities, but through inter-marriage and purchasing the infants of poor Chinese. Muslim in Yuan China often enjoyed a sort of extraterritorial rights and was administered by their Qadis in suitcases. Persian language and letters played the role of lingua franca, and schools for the language were maintained.
Mogolian Traditional Music and Performance |
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