종합경제사회연구원

몽골(Mongolia) Silk Road

洪性敏의 中東地域   The Middle East


Home| About | 중동칼럼| 게시판| 방명록| English

實事求是

뉴 실크로드  ▶ 메소포타미아와 중동  문명의 요람:이라크  Arabia Felix, Yemen 중앙아시아(Central Asia) 경제 

 

실크로드: The term "Silk Road" or "Silk Route" was coined by the German scholar Ferdinand von Richthofen to describe the interwoven travel passages, caravan routes and byways stretching from China to the eastern Mediterranean, with important branches leading to the Indian subcontinent. Few merchants made the entire journey from one terminus to the other; rather, goods exchanged hands multiple times along the way, and for this reason it may be more useful to think of the Silk Route as a trade network, rather than a literal "road."

Trade goods were not the only things travelers carried with them: artistic methods and motifs, styles of music, religions, languages and literature, philosophies and political ideologies were all transported along with silks, spices, and porcelains. Rather than the luxury items that might pass from one set of hands to another, more often it was these more intangible cultural products that left the most indelible impressions.
 (출처)


실크로드 Silk Road

http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/exhibit/timeline.jpg

http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/exhibit/timeline.html

Silk Road 관련 사이트

실크로드 Seattle

실크로드 관련 박물관

실크로드 유물전시: 문화: 종교| 교역| 문화교류

동아시아예술박물관(베르린 Collections):

초기 유목민의 예술l 중국 도자기| 칠기공예| 조각| 그림| 의복


 

몽골(Mongolia)

DSC07514.JPGDSC07528.JPGDSC02514.JPGDSC08166.JPGDSC08250.JPG

몽골 소개: Official Tourism Website

몽골은 아시아의 중앙 고원지대 북방에 위치한 내륙국가(북쪽으로 러시아, 남쪽으로 중국과 접경하고 있으며, 국경선의  총길이는 8,162km)이다. 북쪽과 서쪽은 산악지대이며 남쪽에는 고비사막이 있다. 고원국가로서 사막이 전국토의 40%이며 북서부의 알타이 산맥으로부터 동남부의 평원지대로 펼쳐져 있으며, 서쪽 끝에 러시아와 중국의 국경지대에 솟아있는 후이틍 어르길(Huityn Origil)이라는 봉우리가 최고지대로 4,366m, 동부평원지대가 최저지대로 522m임이다. 카자흐스탄 다음으로 큰 내륙국으로 국토 대부분은 황무지 및 농사가 불가능한 스텝지역으로 농지의 비율이 매우 적다. cf. 중앙아시아

몽골은 카자흐스탄 다음으로 큰 내륙국가로 면적이 156만 4116 km2로, 아시아에서 6번째로 넓지만 인구는 약 290만 명에 불과하다. 수도는 울란바타르로, 몽골 인구의 약 38%(760,077명, 2000년 기준)가 거주하고 있다. 전체 인구의 약 30퍼센트 정도가 유목민 또는 준유목민이다. 몽골의 인구 구성은 대부분 몽골인이지만, 소수의 투바인카자흐족도 포함되어 있다. 소수 민족들은 대부분 몽골의 서쪽 지대에 거주하고 있다. 몽골인들이 가장 널리 믿는 종교는 티베트 불교이다.

전형적인 대륙성 기후로 겨울이 비교적 길고 추우며, 여름이 비교적 짧다. 1년중 구름이 없는 날이 257일이나 되는 등 맑고 높은 하늘을 항상 볼 수 있다. 11월부터 3월까지는 영하를 나타내고, 특히 1월-2월은 영하 20℃가 보통이며, 겨울철 야간에는 영하40℃이하까지 내려가는 반면, 여름에는 33-38℃로 무덥다.

고대로부터 몽골 초원에는 흉노, 돌궐 등 여러 유력한 유목 민족들이 나타났다 사라졌다. 1206년 칭기즈 칸의 몽골부족이 초원을 통일하고 역사상 최대의 대제국을 건설했다. 14세기 말에 몽골 제국이 몰락하자 몽골 초원에는 다시 여러 부족이 나타났다. 명나라에 이어 중국을 지배한 청나라강희제는 몽골의 세력을 견제하기 위해 몽골을 내몽골 자치구외몽골로 분리시켰다. 이후 내몽골 자치구중국과 호흡을 같이하고 외몽골은 중국에서 신해 혁명이 일어난 1911신정 군주제로 독립을 선언하였다.

1917 이후 한때 러시아 내전 여파에 휘말렸으나 1921년 담딘 수흐바타르가 전란을 수습하고 1924 국호를 몽골인민공화국이라 함에 따라 세계에서 두 번째공산주의 국가가 되었다. 그 이후 구 소련의 영향력이 강화되었으며, 중소 국경 분쟁이 발생할 때 소련을 지원하였다. 1992 복수정당제를 원칙으로 하민주주의가로 변화, 공산주의제를 버리고 민주주의 경제를 도입했다.

출처: KIME Newsletter No. 18,  No. 22, 위키백과, Wikipedia,


몽골의 박물관

실크로드 Seattle

DSC07432.JPG

초이진 라마 박물관

DSC08078.JPG

조형예술박물관

DSC02955.JPG

국립몽고역사박물관

DSC02900.JPG

자연사박물관

041.jpg

몽골국립박물관

DSC07316.JPG

몽골 포토 갤러리

DSC07535.JPG

 


몽골 포토 갤러리 Mongolian Photo Gallery by S.M. HONG

DSC02646.JPGDSC02661.JPGDSC07535.JPGDSCN0215.JPGDSC02704.JPGDSC02908.JPG

 

몽골 국립박물관 The National Museum of Mongolia

The National Museum of Mongolia is a cultural, scientific, and educational organization that presents Mongolian history and culture from the dawn of humanity to the present day. A significant responsibility for preserving Mongolian cultural heritage therefore lies with the museum. Today museum has 50 employees. The museum has been implemented several different projects related to museum research work in cooperation with foreign and domestic museums as well as scientific organizations.The Museum is supported through admission fees and government funding from the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science. The origins of the National Museum of Mongolia date back to 1924, when the first collections were begun for a national museum, whose building no longer stands. (출처: 몽골국립박물관, More---)

DSC07488.JPG

 DSC07316.JPG

 DSC07432.JPG

 DSC07480.JPG

 DSC07475.JPG

DSC07337.JPG

Gallery| Modern Mongolia

 


자연사박물관 MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

The museum was founded in 1924. Exhibits on Mongolia's history, culture and economic development as well as natural wealth are on display here.
 When the first national museum was established in Mongolia in 1924, the base of natural historical museum was found by consisting the principal sections of the exhibitions with the choicest exhibitions of Mongolian Nature.
When the national central museum was located in present location in 1956, it has been enriching its exhibitions and expanded as a big natural department, which has various kinds of geographical, flora, fauna and paleontological exhibits.
The government Resolution, which to classify the museums in different fields like as the developed countries, was passed and the national central museum was abolished in 1991. Since 1992, a new museum was established in the place of national central museum with the purpose of being the leader natural central museum for the further development, getting foreigners enjoyed in international level, showing the geological history such as locations of planets and earth establishment and formations and show the biology characteristics of earth central zone and named as Museum of Natural History.  (출처:
자연사박물관)

 

 

 041.jpg

 061.jpg

 

 

스미소니안 자연사 박물관| 전시관| 현대몽고예술갤러리| 칭기즈 칸과 그의 유산|기타 박물관

자료 모음

[PDF] ANTHRONOTES, Texr version

[PDF] SpringAN 2006

[PDF] National Museum of Natural History

[PDF] Progress Report on the 2004

[PDF] Fall 2007Anthropolog

[PDF] A. Perle NEW SEGNOSAURIDAE F

NAA Guide (Classification of the Div of Physical Anthropology)

 

 


초이진 라마사원 Choijin Lama Temple

The Choijin Lama Temple , built in 1904-1908 is a classic example of the traditional Buddhist architecture. This was the home of Luvsan Haidav Choijin Lama, brother of Bogd Khaan and a promonent lama. The museum is famous for its collection of Buddhist art works, original silk icons and tsam dancing masks.

DSC07708.JPG

DSC07965.JPG

DSC08078.JPG

DSC08133.JPG

DSC07915.JPG

DSC07846.JPG

사진|사진 travel| 사진 Xerius| 매력| 초이진|Wikipedia

The Choijin Lama Temple is a Buddhist monastery in Ulan Bator, the capital of Mongolia. Actually a group of four temples originally occupied by the Choijin Lama Luvsankhaidav, the brother of the ruler Bogd Khan, who was the state oracle at the same time. The complex was begun in 1904 and completed in 1908. In 1938 the Stalinist government converted the complex into a museum.

The main temple features an 18th-century gilt statue of Buddha Sakyamuni with a statue of Choijin Lama Luvsankhaidav on the Buddha's right and the embalmed corpse of Baldanchoimbolon on his left. In addition, the temple boasts a copious collection of religious instruments, thangka paintings, a copy of the 108-volume Kangyur and hand-printed 226-volume Tengyur brought from Tibet by the Bogd Khan, and a collection of cham dance masks).The annex to the temple contains a heated ger (or yurt) and a central square in which Choijin Lama Luvsankhaidav performed rituals.

The Zuu Temple, dedicated to the Buddha Shakyamuni features papier-mache sculptures of Buddha in the past, present, and future. The 16 disciples of Buddha appear on the temple walls with four Maharantsa protectors shown sitting in caves on either side of the door.

The Yidam Temple was used as a place of prayer by Choijin Lama Luvsankhaidav, and therefore closed to the public. In its center is a gilt bronze sculpture of one of the 84 Indian yogis, or Mahasiddha. Also depicted are the tantric gods Kalacakra, Mahamaya, Vajradhara and others with their shakti or consorts in postures of meditation that symbolize power and strength.

The fourth temple, the temple of amugulang or peace, is dedicated to the first Mongolian reincarnation of Boghda Jevzundamba, Undur Gegeen Zanabazar, (1635-1724).1  (1Thrift, Eric, Ed. 2005-2006. Mandal Fund/Mandal Tours)

공연 Performance

DSC07753.JPG

DSC07771.JPG

DSC07779.JPG

DSC07834.JPG

DSC07810.JPG

DSC07839.JPG

 


간단 수도원 Gandan Monastery

The Gandantegchinlen Monastery (short name: Gandan), is a Tibetan-style monastery in the Mongolian capital of Ulaanbaatar that has been restored and revitalized since 1990. The Tibetan name translates to the "Great Place of Complete Joy." It currently has over 150 monks in residence. It features a 26.5-meter-high statue of Migjid Janraisig, a Buddhist bodhisattva also known as Avalokitesvara. It came under state protection in 1994.

 

062.jpg

DSC07595.JPG

DSC07582.JPG

DSC07572.JPG

DSC07604.JPG

DSC07627.JPG

Mongolus| Wikipedia

 

 

 


국립드라마극장 National Academic Drama Theatre

 

 

DSC07526.JPG

DSC07539.JPG

DSC07537.JPG

 

몽골 소개| [PDF] Ulaanbaatar

 


몽골 노래 Mongolian Song

Music is an integral part of Mongolian culture. Among the unique contributions of Mongolia to the world's musical culture are the long songs, one of the greatest features of the Mongolian music, overtone singing and morin khuur, the horse-headed fiddle. The music of Mongolia is also rich with varieties related to the various ethnic groups of the country: Oirats, Hotogoid, Tuvans, Darhad, Buryats, Tsaatan, Dariganga, Uzemchins, Barga, Kazakhs and Khalha.

Besides the traditional music, Western classical music and ballet flourished during the MPR. Among the most popular forms of modern music in Mongolia are Western pop and rock genres and the mass songs, which are written by modern authors in a form of folk songs.

The Mongolians are renowned for their love for music and singing. Any celebrations by the Mongolians always turn into a celebration of singing.

 

3 016.jpg

IMG_0043.JPG

3 046.jpg

 

국립국악단| 몽골노래소개| 전통음악과 노래| 말타기 노래 Video| 몽고음악| Urtiin-Duu| Throat Song

 

 


노래, 연주 및 춤 공연

 

징기스칸 호텔 및 호텔오픈 기념 공연 (2003)

3 016.jpg

3 033.jpg

3 046.jpg

3 009.jpg

3 106.jpg

IMG_0084.JPG

IMG_0069.JPG

IMG_0043.JPG

IMG_0077.JPG

IMG_0083.JPG

IMG_0053.JPG

IMG_0054.JPG

IMG_0059.JPG

3 054.jpg

 


Ger

A yurt is a portable, felt-covered, wood lattice-framed dwelling structure traditionally used by nomads in the steppes of Central Asia. A yurt is more home-like than a tent in shape and build, with thicker walls. They are popular amongst nomads.

Music is an integral part of Mongolian culture. Among the unique contributions of Mongolia to the world's musical culture are the long songs, one of the greatest features of the Mongolian music, overtone singing and morin khuur, the horse-headed fiddle. The music of Mongolia is also rich with varieties related to the various ethnic groups of the country: Oirats, Hotogoid, Tuvans, Darhad, Buryats, Tsaatan, Dariganga, Uzemchins, Barga, Kazakhs and Khalha.

Besides the traditional music, Western classical music and ballet flourished during the MPR. Among the most popular forms of modern music in Mongolia are Western pop and rock genres and the mass songs, which are written by modern authors in a form of folk songs. The Mongolians are renowned for their love for music and singing. Any celebrations by the Mongolians always turn into a celebration of singing.(출처: Wikipedia)

DSCN0244.JPG

3 154.jpg

3 152.jpg

3 153.jpg

DSCN0204.JPG

3 142.jpg

Yurts and Mongolian Gers| 몽골 유르트| 설치| 구입| PDF

 


 

13세기 국립공원 13 Century National Park

칭기즈 칸 동상 Chingiz Khan Statue

DSCN0234.JPG

DSC08166.JPG

DSC08146.JPG

DSCN0183.JPG

DSCN0204.JPG

DSCN0215.JPG

DSCN0222.JPG

DSCN0218.JPG

DSCN0229.JPG

DSCN0249.JPG

 

 

13세기 국립공원 13 Century National Park

DSC02621.JPG

DSC02638.JPG

DSC08187.JPG

DSC08174.JPG

DSC08171.JPG

 

 

 

 

 

DSC02646.JPG

DSC02661.JPG

DSC02683.JPG

DSC02685.JPG

DSC02704.JPG

 

 

 

 

 

DSC02719.JPG

DSC02756.JPG

DSC02773.JPG

DSC02854.JPG

DSC02867.JPG

 

 

 

 

 

DSC02900.JPG

DSC02908.JPG

DSC02943.JPG

DSC02955.JPG

DSC02961.JPG

 

 

 

 

 

DSC02976.JPG

DSC02987.JPG

DSC08223.JPG

DSC08169.JPG

DSC08243.JPG

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

울란바타르 Ulanbataar

DSC08256.JPG

DSC08250.JPG

DSC07514.JPG

DSC02514.JPG

DSC07528.JPG

DSC08287.JPG

DSCN4418.JPG

DSC08304.JPG

DSC07633.JPG

DSC07535.JPG

 

 

 

 

 

DSC07523.JPG

DSC07541.JPG

DSC08139.JPG

DSC08294.JPG

DSC08133.JPG

 

 


 

사람들 People

DSCN0022.JPGDSCN4408.JPGDSCN4410.JPGDSC07846.JPGDSC08298.JPGCIMG1025[1].jpg

 

<자료정리: 10/08/16>

종합경제사회연구원

중동경제연구소

한국예멘교류센타

아랍중동교류협회


 Kwanak P.O. Box 49, Seoul  151-600, Korea, Tel: 82-2-876-4249, Fax: 82-2-876-4349   Copyright ⓒ 1997-2010 RIES. All rights reserved. E-mail; hong@hopia.net