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實事求是
http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/exhibit/timeline.html
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몽골(Mongolia)
몽골 소개: Official Tourism Website
몽골은 아시아의 중앙 고원지대 북방에 위치한 내륙국가(북쪽으로 러시아, 남쪽으로 중국과 접경하고 있으며, 국경선의 총길이는 8,162km)이다. 북쪽과 서쪽은 산악지대이며 남쪽에는 고비사막이 있다. 고원국가로서 사막이 전국토의 40%이며 북서부의 알타이 산맥으로부터 동남부의 평원지대로 펼쳐져 있으며, 서쪽 끝에 러시아와 중국의 국경지대에 솟아있는 후이틍 어르길(Huityn Origil)이라는 봉우리가 최고지대로 4,366m, 동부평원지대가 최저지대로 522m임이다. 카자흐스탄 다음으로 큰 내륙국으로 국토 대부분은 황무지 및 농사가 불가능한 스텝지역으로 농지의 비율이 매우 적다. cf. 중앙아시아 몽골은 카자흐스탄 다음으로 큰 내륙국가로 면적이 156만 4116 km2로, 아시아에서 6번째로 넓지만 인구는 약 290만 명에 불과하다. 수도는 울란바타르로, 몽골 인구의 약 38%(760,077명, 2000년 기준)가 거주하고 있다. 전체 인구의 약 30퍼센트 정도가 유목민 또는 준유목민이다. 몽골의 인구 구성은 대부분 몽골인이지만, 소수의 투바인과 카자흐족도 포함되어 있다. 소수 민족들은 대부분 몽골의 서쪽 지대에 거주하고 있다. 몽골인들이 가장 널리 믿는 종교는 티베트 불교이다. 전형적인 대륙성 기후로 겨울이 비교적 길고 추우며, 여름이 비교적 짧다. 1년중 구름이 없는 날이 257일이나 되는 등 맑고 높은 하늘을 항상 볼 수 있다. 11월부터 3월까지는 영하를 나타내고, 특히 1월-2월은 영하 20℃가 보통이며, 겨울철 야간에는 영하40℃이하까지 내려가는 반면, 여름에는 33-38℃로 무덥다. 고대로부터 몽골 초원에는 흉노, 돌궐 등 여러 유력한 유목 민족들이 나타났다 사라졌다. 1206년 칭기즈 칸의 몽골부족이 초원을 통일하고 역사상 최대의 대제국을 건설했다. 14세기 말에 몽골 제국이 몰락하자 몽골 초원에는 다시 여러 부족이 나타났다. 명나라에 이어 중국을 지배한 청나라의 강희제는 몽골의 세력을 견제하기 위해 몽골을 내몽골 자치구와 외몽골로 분리시켰다. 이후 내몽골 자치구는 중국과 호흡을 같이하고 외몽골은 중국에서 신해 혁명이 일어난 1911년에 신정 군주제로 독립을 선언하였다. 1917년 이후 한때 러시아 내전의 여파에 휘말렸으나 1921년 담딘 수흐바타르가 전란을 수습하고 1924년 국호를 몽골인민공화국이라 함에 따라 세계에서 두 번째로 공산주의 국가가 되었다. 그 이후 구 소련의 영향력이 강화되었으며, 중소 국경 분쟁이 발생할 때 소련을 지원하였다. 1992년에 복수정당제를 원칙으로 하는 민주주의 국가로 변화, 공산주의 경제를 버리고 민주주의 경제를 도입했다. |
몽골의 박물관
몽골 포토 갤러리 |
몽골 포토 갤러리 Mongolian Photo Gallery by S.M. HONG
몽골 국립박물관 The National Museum of Mongolia The National Museum of Mongolia is a cultural, scientific, and educational organization that presents Mongolian history and culture from the dawn of humanity to the present day. A significant responsibility for preserving Mongolian cultural heritage therefore lies with the museum. Today museum has 50 employees. The museum has been implemented several different projects related to museum research work in cooperation with foreign and domestic museums as well as scientific organizations.The Museum is supported through admission fees and government funding from the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science. The origins of the National Museum of Mongolia date back to 1924, when the first collections were begun for a national museum, whose building no longer stands. (출처: 몽골국립박물관, More---) |
자연사박물관 MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY The museum was founded in 1924. Exhibits on Mongolia's history, culture and
economic development as well as natural wealth are on display here.
자료 모음 [PDF] ANTHRONOTES, Texr version [PDF] SpringAN 2006 [PDF] National Museum of Natural History [PDF] Progress Report on the 2004 [PDF] Fall 2007Anthropolog [PDF] A. Perle NEW SEGNOSAURIDAE F NAA Guide (Classification of the Div of Physical Anthropology) |
초이진 라마사원 Choijin Lama Temple The Choijin Lama Temple , built in 1904-1908 is a classic example of the traditional Buddhist architecture. This was the home of Luvsan Haidav Choijin Lama, brother of Bogd Khaan and a promonent lama. The museum is famous for its collection of Buddhist art works, original silk icons and tsam dancing masks. The Choijin Lama Temple is a Buddhist monastery in Ulan Bator, the capital of Mongolia. Actually a group of four temples originally occupied by the Choijin Lama Luvsankhaidav, the brother of the ruler Bogd Khan, who was the state oracle at the same time. The complex was begun in 1904 and completed in 1908. In 1938 the Stalinist government converted the complex into a museum. The main temple features an 18th-century gilt statue of Buddha Sakyamuni with a statue of Choijin Lama Luvsankhaidav on the Buddha's right and the embalmed corpse of Baldanchoimbolon on his left. In addition, the temple boasts a copious collection of religious instruments, thangka paintings, a copy of the 108-volume Kangyur and hand-printed 226-volume Tengyur brought from Tibet by the Bogd Khan, and a collection of cham dance masks).The annex to the temple contains a heated ger (or yurt) and a central square in which Choijin Lama Luvsankhaidav performed rituals. The Zuu Temple, dedicated to the Buddha Shakyamuni features papier-mache sculptures of Buddha in the past, present, and future. The 16 disciples of Buddha appear on the temple walls with four Maharantsa protectors shown sitting in caves on either side of the door. The Yidam Temple was used as a place of prayer by Choijin Lama Luvsankhaidav, and therefore closed to the public. In its center is a gilt bronze sculpture of one of the 84 Indian yogis, or Mahasiddha. Also depicted are the tantric gods Kalacakra, Mahamaya, Vajradhara and others with their shakti or consorts in postures of meditation that symbolize power and strength. The fourth temple, the temple of amugulang or peace, is dedicated to the first Mongolian reincarnation of Boghda Jevzundamba, Undur Gegeen Zanabazar, (1635-1724).1 (1Thrift, Eric, Ed. 2005-2006. Mandal Fund/Mandal Tours) |
공연 Performance
간단 수도원 Gandan Monastery The Gandantegchinlen Monastery (short name: Gandan), is a Tibetan-style monastery in the Mongolian capital of Ulaanbaatar that has been restored and revitalized since 1990. The Tibetan name translates to the "Great Place of Complete Joy." It currently has over 150 monks in residence. It features a 26.5-meter-high statue of Migjid Janraisig, a Buddhist bodhisattva also known as Avalokitesvara. It came under state protection in 1994.
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국립드라마극장 National Academic Drama Theatre
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몽골 노래 Mongolian Song Music is an integral part of Mongolian culture. Among the unique contributions of Mongolia to the world's musical culture are the long songs, one of the greatest features of the Mongolian music, overtone singing and morin khuur, the horse-headed fiddle. The music of Mongolia is also rich with varieties related to the various ethnic groups of the country: Oirats, Hotogoid, Tuvans, Darhad, Buryats, Tsaatan, Dariganga, Uzemchins, Barga, Kazakhs and Khalha. Besides the traditional music, Western classical music and ballet flourished during the MPR. Among the most popular forms of modern music in Mongolia are Western pop and rock genres and the mass songs, which are written by modern authors in a form of folk songs. The Mongolians are renowned for their love for music and singing. Any celebrations by the Mongolians always turn into a celebration of singing.
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노래, 연주 및 춤 공연
징기스칸 호텔 및 호텔오픈 기념 공연 (2003년)
겔 Ger A yurt is a portable, felt-covered, wood lattice-framed dwelling structure traditionally used by nomads in the steppes of Central Asia. A yurt is more home-like than a tent in shape and build, with thicker walls. They are popular amongst nomads. Music is an integral part of Mongolian culture. Among the unique contributions of Mongolia to the world's musical culture are the long songs, one of the greatest features of the Mongolian music, overtone singing and morin khuur, the horse-headed fiddle. The music of Mongolia is also rich with varieties related to the various ethnic groups of the country: Oirats, Hotogoid, Tuvans, Darhad, Buryats, Tsaatan, Dariganga, Uzemchins, Barga, Kazakhs and Khalha. Besides the traditional music, Western classical music and ballet flourished during the MPR. Among the most popular forms of modern music in Mongolia are Western pop and rock genres and the mass songs, which are written by modern authors in a form of folk songs. The Mongolians are renowned for their love for music and singing. Any celebrations by the Mongolians always turn into a celebration of singing.(출처: Wikipedia)
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13세기 국립공원 13 Century National Park
칭기즈 칸 동상 Chingiz Khan Statue
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13세기 국립공원 13 Century National Park
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울란바타르 Ulanbataar
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사람들 People
<자료정리: 10/08/16>
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